They
conclude that with the change of the economic tide policy attention has shifted
from influencing relocations to stimulating other components of economic change
especially new firms birth and growth. In this respect new concepts were
developed such as the seedbed or incubator functions of regions. The work of
David Birch 1979 who showed that in the US a massive growth of interest of both
researchers and policy makers in the where and how of new firm packers and movers pune and movers and packers pune
creation. Small
and medium sized firm and especially newly established firms created unexpected
rate of employment growth lead to
The
dominant theory about the relationship between firm birth and location at that
time being the incubation hypothesis Hoover and Vernon 1962, Leone and Struyck
1976 it is not surprising to see that the interest in new firms of the late
1970s and early 1980s coincides with interest in cities. The core urban regions
of the country were increasingly viewed as the engines of economic growth and
less attention was given to redistribution policies.
Despite
this change of atmosphere as observed by Klaassen and Molle it cannot be denied
that for many regions firm relocation has contributed considerably to
employment growth. In the previous paragraph we already referred to studies
which show that in the UK a considerable part of total employment in regions
such as Cornwall, Devon and Wales is to be found in immigrant firms.
For the Netherlands comparable results are
reported for a number of regions varying in size and peripherality but here the
figures are more modest than in the UK. Parts of the provinces of Overijssel
and North Braband reach a percentage of 10% of industrial employment due to
firm immigration over a post- war period of 25 years pellenbarg 1985 which is
considerably less than the 25-30% reported for Cornwall Devon and Wales.
A
final observation from the collection of research notes in Klaassen and Molle’s
book is that several of the authors reveal an increasing criticism regarding
the reliability of research results concerning migration motives. Especially
Aydalot and also Bade are very explicit on this issue. They refer to the many
reasons why data from enquiries and interviews will not reflect reality: job
mobility of decision makers memory problems, rationalization of choices
inconsistency between stated and revealed preferences, disability to
differentiate between factor influences on different geographical scales,
etceteras. Pellenbarg 1985 has demonstrated a strong difference between actual
and perceived location qualities in firm relocation processes quite clearly for
the Netherlands.
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